Panel closure



/M JN W gw\\\\\\ \\4T UE D m Mm C wL S E om .D.. H lm Jan. 26, 1954 Original Filed July 20, 1946 Reissued Jan. 26, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PANEL CLO SURE Joseph H. Oswald and Frederick G. Oswald, South Euclid, Ohio dated January 22, 1952;, Serial No. 685,262, July 20, 1946. .Application Original No. 2,583,439,

for reissue February 2, 19,53,

15 Claims.

Matter enclosed `in The invention. relates to panel closures such as windows and doors oi buildings and is especially applicable to auxiliary panel structures such as storm windows and doors and combination sto-rmand-screen windows and doors.

Under the common. prior practice it has been necessary to fit the sash part of such auxiliary windows to the window frame on the job 'because of lack of uniformity in Window frame design, of dimensional variations due to 'faulty workmanship, of swelling or shrinkage of wood construction, and the like. Such fitting on the job" has usually been necessary also in the case ,of storm and combination doors. As a Aconsequence, installation of such Windows and doors usually hasl required the services oi a carpenter and of a painter, so that the installation expense has constituted a very considerable part -oi the total installed cost to the purchaser and that total cost has been unduly large.

The chief object of the present invention is to provide an improved panel and adaptor structure that can be installed in the cased openings of `buildings by unskilled labor with-out material structural modincation of either the panel or casing structures. so that the panel, including painting, can be completely fabricated to nal form in the factory, and by efficient methods, with re sultant lowering of both fabrication and installation expense.

Another object of the invention is to provide an auxiliary window construction or the charac-ter specified which is pleasing in appearance and can be installed without modifying the architectural lines or appearance oi". the main A. further object of the invention, more or less ancillary to those stated above, is to provide vfor use with panel closures, adaptor means or devices that are structurally simple and inexpensive land susceptible of use with standard or conventional types of panel closures, such as storm doors and storm or screen 'window sashes, to adapt such panel structures of standard dimensions to casing openings that .may depart substantially in form and dimensions from their nominal sizes.

An additional object o the invention is to provide a storm type of window a high degree of thermal insulation Lbut having also effective provision vfor drainage of nmisti-n'e which may in way iind access to the air space 'between the main and auxiliary window panels.

With the above objects in view the invention consists in forms, .arrangements ,and combinations of structural parts hereinafter exemplied Iand explained, in connection with preferred ein...

window design.

Serial No. `334,737.0

(Cl. 20v-.55)

heavy brackets I; appears in reissue specification; matter printed in italics indicates capable oi providing struction -ior use in connection with the original patent but forms no part of this the additions made by reissue.

bodi-ments vshown in the accompanying drawings and det-ined in the claims. Panel structures of the storm window type embodying the improvements have been chosen for explanatory description and illustration as they represent all aspects of the invention.

In the drawings, where throughout 'like rei-en ence 1murs-irais designate like parts,

Fig. l is an outside (i. e. outdoors) velevation of a storm window and adjacent window casing parts embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged kVertical section taken on the line `2--2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged horizon-tal section taken on the line 3--3 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3a is a section similar to that in Fig. 3 showing the identical sash and adaptor frame of Fig. 3 mounted in a casing opening differing in size `from the dimensions shown in. Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line 'Lit in Fig. vl.

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of i..

Fig. t is va section on the line S- of 5.

Fig. 7 is a detached enlarged plan View of `tlie adaptor and weather vseal device mounted on the sill of the casing structure, as shown in Fig. l, parts of the structure being broken. away to permit the enlarged showing.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section. on the Aline -8-8 of Fig. l.

Fig. 8a is a View similar to Fig. 8 showing the positioning of the sill-mounted adaptor and seal Idevice to accommodate a casing opening ger vertically than the casing opening shown in l and Fis. 18.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged -ragmentary outside elevation illustrating a modified means for pivots-ily mounting the auxiliary sash structure.

Fig. l0 is a section on 4the line lilllli vof Fig. '11 is a `horizontal section co-rrespondiner to Fig. 3 illustrating ,a slightly modied form oi adaptor frame for use where the outside trim of Athe window casing departs from the trim of standard dimensions shown 4in Figs. 1 to l0.

Fig. 1'2 is Aa vView similar .to Fig. Vl1 showing still another modification of the adaptor frame .con-

the same rnodied trim construction shown in Fig. ll.

Referring now in detail to the several struc tures illustrated and. first to the constructions shown in Figs. l to 8a the reference character l designates as an .entirety a conventional window lframe or lcasing structure of Wood comprising' upright or lstilo parte i, 2 (Fig. 3). a head 3 (Fig. 2) and a sill s V(Figs. l and 8 rI he casing structure further includes upright blind stops 5, and transverse blind stop 6. The window casing is provided with outside trim members 'I, 'I and 8. A similar casing structure is more fully shown in United States Patent No. 2,372,792 to which reference may be made for further details of the construction.

In the opening of the casing structure is mounted a wood sash structure 9 which may be of either the single panel or double panel type but the latter is shown, with an upper panel I0 and a lower panel II. The upper panel I 0 is attached to the casing structure by coil springs I2 which are carried by hooks I3 mounted in the transverse stop member 6 (Figs. 1 and 2) and at their lower ends are attached to screw eyes I4 carried by panel lil. The lower rail of upper panel IG and the upper rail of lower panel I I are fitted with metal tongue and groove channel members I5, I5. The lower panel II is yeldingly supported from the upper panel In by means of coil springs I 6, I6 which at their upper ends engage hooks I'I, I'I carried by panel II), and at their lower ends engage screw eyes I8, I8 carried by panel il. This construction provides a weather-tight joint between the two sash panels and permits their pivotal or swinging movement in relation to each other. The sash construction shown is similar to that shown in U. S. Patent 2,372,792 and is there fully described. As is disclosed in the patent, the lower sash panel may either be glazed or a similar sash fitted with an insect screen may be substituted to provide the well known combination storm-and-screen window type of construction.

In prior practice, as typied in U. S. Patent 2 372,792, it has been customary to t the storm or screen sash panels directly to the wood Window casing structure of the building. As has been noted above, the dimensional variations in window casings by way of departure from the standard dimensions and by reason of swelling, contraction and warping of the wooden structures has necessitated the itting of storm windows after they are delivered on the premises of the purchasers; and this has involved the services of carpenters and painters on the job with resultant high cost of installation. To overcome these diiculties the present invention provides adaptor means preferably in the form of an inverted U-shaped frame formed of metal strips of novel design.

In the drawings the numeral I9 designates the adaptor frame as an entirety. Said frame comprises a head strip 20 and upright strips 2|, 2|

which are preferably welded or brazed to the ends of the head strip to form an integral frame structure. As shown in Fig. 2, the head strip 20 comprises a web section 22 having a depending tongue or bead 22a, a flange 23 extending outwardly (i. e. upwardly) from the outside edge of the web 22 and a flange 24 extending inwardly (i. e. downwardly) from the inside edge of the web 22. Preferably the inner side of flange 23 is formed with two parallel sharp-cornered ribs 23a to engage the window casing and the flange 24 is formed with a plurality of smaller sharp ribs 24a to engage the blind stop and has its free edge bent at an angle of about 45 to provide a sharp corner 24b to engage the surface of the sash. In addition the web section 22 is provided With bendable lugs 25 which can be die formed integral with the web section. will later appear, lugs 25 extend outward at an inclination to the web and toward flange 23 for vstrips 2l, 2l and the lugs 25 lugs and 25 cooperation with strip 22 the sash panel is tted at its upper end with a rolled sheet metal strip IIJ formed with a groove Ib to t tongue 22a, the tongue and groove being shaped so that the panel I0 can swing outward, about an axis formed by edge IUQ of strip Illa. This action is more fully explained in U. S. Patent 2,372,792.

The upright frame strips 2I, ZI have webs 22 and flanges 23 and 24 and lugs 25', and are generally similar to strip 2t except that the tongue or bead 22a of strip 2t is omitted in the case of of the latter are longer than those of strip 2t.

The lugs 25 and 25' of frame i9 are apertured to receive screws 2G which serve to attach the frame I9 to the window casing 'structure with one or both of the sharp cornered ribs 23EL engaging the members 'i and 8 of the Window casing, while the sharp edge or rib 24h of the adaptor frame is exposed for engagement with the window sash elements, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. In mounting the frame I9 in the window casing it is desirable, after the frame is positioned in the casing, to tap the ange 23 of the frame with a hammer o1` mallet to insure some embedment of the sharp ribs 23a and 24at in the wood of the casing structure. When the screws 2G are applied there is some tendency for the resultant stress applied through the lugs 25 to cant or distort the frame, but this is resisted and prevented by the engagement of ribs 24a with the casing. The terminal surface of the marginal rib 23a lies at an angle of about 45 to the adjacent face of the casing (Fig. 3a) and this facilitates repainting of the building because the resultant angle draws the applied paint into the joint.

While the frame strips 20 and 2I can be formed of various metals and can be fabricated in various ways, as for example by rolling, we prefer to extrude them, using a metal, such as aluminum alloy, suitable for that method. The integral are made by a die forming operation on the extruded strips.

At the bottom of the sash and casing structures sill-supported adaptor means is provided in the form of a rocker closure or seal member 2T. This member is in the form of an angle bar having one arm 28 thereof disposed between the lower edge of the sash member II and the upper surface of the window sill 4 (Fig. 8). The other arm 29 of the bar 21 is upturned to engage the inner surface of the sash member Il, and preferably has its free edge 29a bent outward as shown so that its sharp corner engages the surface of the sash. The juncture between the arms 28 and 2S of the bar 21 is curved on a relatively large radius and the bar is formed with a series of apertures 30 elongated transversely of the bar to receive attaching screws 3l With the rounded conformation of the bar 21 and with the attaching screws 3I incompletely screwed home in the elongated apertures 3U the bar is afforded a loose attachment so that when the sash member II is moved inward into engagement with the flange 24 of the adaptor frame I9 the bar 2 is given a rolling movement on the sill and the outer longitudinal edge of the arm 28 of the bar is lifted into rm engagement with the bottom surface of sash member I I. Furthermore the bar 2'Ir thus formed and mounted is adapted to close the space between the bottom edge of the sash and the upper surface of the sill 4 notwithstanding considerable variation in the clearance between those two parts. Thus if the clearance is relatively small the attaching screws 3I can be applied as shown Ithe inner edges of the ranges in Fig. 8 so that the rounded .longitudinally .extending corner of the angle will .be held lrelatively close to the adjacent outwardly facing .shoulder of the sill member 4; while if .the clearance between the sill and the sash is relatively large the attaching screws can be tted as shown in Fig. 8a so that the bar 2l will have freedom to swing through a larger angle when .the bottom sash member' is brought into normal position as shown in Fig. 8a. This large `range of angular movement is facilitated by .the above described ,form of arm 29 of the bar with its free edge part extending laterally in the direction of the arm Z8.

lThe elongated attaching holes 39 of bar 2t will ordinarily afford drainage between the sash and sill members but the bar .may also be provided with weep-holes 32 as shown in Fig. 7. The arm 2S of the bar 21 is made shorter than the arm 28 so that the former can swingr inwardly between of the adaptor frame while the extending ends of the longer arm 2twill fit closely adjacent the web sections22 of the adaptor trame parts 2l, 2i.

The rocker bar 21 also can be extruded of aluminum alloy and by suitable choice or treatment of the metal the formed parts can be given a suitable degree of hardness and resilience.

The sash and adaptor frame-structure are provided with suitable locking means 33, `33 for holding the sash panels in closed position and various open positions, each sash panel lhaving two of the locks. As shown in Figs. and 6, each lock comprises a bolt 3d slidably mounted in a tubular case 35 which is pressed into a hole in the upright sash member. 3ftu of reduced diameter throughout the major part of its length to accommodate a coil spring 36 which at one end engages a shoulder of the bolt 34 and at its other end engages the inturned end of the case 35 so as normally to bolt outward as far as is permitted by the operating handle 3l which is secured by a pin cn the reduced end of the bolt. The part of the bolt 34 which projects from the open end of the case 35 comprises a tapered end Bib said end and the main body of the bolt, is an eccentric neck portion 3W'. The lock further includes a keeper 3% riveted to the adaptor strips 2| and having a series of holes 38a to receive the projecting end of bolt 3d.

In the operation or the bolts the tapered end 3th facilitates entrance of the bolt into the keeper holes under the urging of spring 35. When the bolt has fully entered the innermost of the keeper holes it can be rotated by turning the handle 3l downward `from a horizontal position to the full line position shown in Fig. 6 so that the eccentric neck 3d of the bolt forces the window panel inward against the ange 24 of the adaptor frame to effect a tight closure.

The manner in which the sash structure 9 and the adaptor icasing fractie are assembled or mounted in the window casing structure will readily be understood from the foregoing description. The sash structure having been provided of a size somewhat smaller than would correspond to the nominal size of the window casing with the adaptor trarne I9 manufactured to properly tit the sash structure and the adaptor and seal member 2l having been provided of a length to fit the adaptor frame, the iirst step in the mounting of the parts in the window casing is to adjust the locating lugs 25 frame member so that the laterally in the and 25 of the Said adaptor casing will be centered 211 of the sides 2l The bolt has a section press the and, intermediate l window casing opening vand the lower ends oi the ltrarne bars -Zl 2i will be positioned suitably close to the upper surface of the sill 4. With the adaptor frame formed of malleable metal its lugs 25, 25 can readily be bent with a hammer, or preferably by `:simply forcing the adaptor frame .into the vwindow casing opening, to efect the desired .adjustment and positioning. When this has been done the adaptor frame is nrmly attached to the window casing structure by the securing screws 26, 2B, preferably after tapping thefsharp ribs 23a, 2da or the frame into slightly embedded engagement with the wood casing. These ribs are adapted to penetrate the wood of trim .strips land B more or less to compensate for small variations of the strips from standard thickness The sash structure!! can now be mounted in the adaptor .frame by screwing the suspension hooks i3 into the .transverse screen stop E and attaching to -them the suspension springs I2, l2 of the upper sash member IU. Thereupon the lower sash member may be mounted by attaching the lupper ends of springs i@ to suspension hooks Il carried by the upper sash member it.

The clearance between the bottom edge of the lower sash member il and the upper surface of the window sill 4 is now determined and the Aadaptor and seal member 2l can be suitably mounted on the window sill as previously described so that when the lower sash member is swung from an open position into vertical alignment with the closed top sash member the cuter edge of the part 28 of the rocher 2l will be for-ced upward. into rm engagement with the lower edge of .sash member ll (Figs. 8, 8a) so as to effectively close the clearance between the bottom of the sash and the top surface of the sill. [The rm engagement of rocker 2l, throughout its length, with the bottom of the sash structure is facilitated by resilient yielding of the rocker ban] The firm engagement of rocker 27 throughout its `length with the bottom edge of the sas-h structure is ensured, even if the sash edge be somewhat out of true with the sill, be; the resilient yielding of the r cker bar and by the fact that the vlateral pressure of the sash when firmly closed is. transmitted through the upstanlding arm 29 of the bar directly to its laterally ertending arm 28 at rall transverse sections throughout the entire length of the roclcer bar.

The above described construction oi the panel closure s such that one person working alone and entirely outside a building, can rapidly and easily install a window or door.

As is apparent from inspection of 1liigs. 3 and 3a, the outwardly extending flange 23 of the side and top bars of the adaptor trame le and the. character of the rocker 21 make it possible to fit the adaptor frame to window casing structures which depart considerably (due to either careless fabrication, swelling, expansion or other cause) from the correct nominal dimensions of the cas-ing structure. Thus the entire sash structure, adaptor frame and bottom adaptor and weather seal device can be manufactured complete to readily held dimensional limits by large scale production methods and the sashes when transported to the building for which they are supplied can be easily and rapidly mounted by an unskilled workman by the use merely of a hammer and a screw driver. At the saine time, the relatively narrow exposed flange of the adaptor frame presents a pleasing appearance and the entire sash installation may be made to conform standard size as strictly to the architectural lines of the main window sash construction of the building. Thus the invention attains the highly desirable results of low cost large scale manufacture, low cost installation and pleasing appearance.

It will be appreciated that the sharp cornered or ribbed construction of the adaptor frame facilitates close engagement between the frame and the casing and between the frame and the sash with resultant elective sealing against the weather. The beveled form of the free edge of the frame lianges 23 contributes to this result. For when the window casing is painted (in the course of building upkeep) the angle between the bevel and the casing surface, as previously noted, causes paint to be drawn in and, in effect, calk the joint. Furthermore, the form of the adaptor frame and its arrangement in the casing are such that if any moisture nds entrance to the continuous space between the frame and the casing it can find free drainage to the window sill and out through clearance which may be provided between the bottom ends of the frame strips 2| and the sill. Rotting and deterioration of the casing structure is thus obviated.

It will readily be appreciated that the adaptor frame is susceptible of modification in a variety of ways in the practice of the invention. Thus in Figs. 9 and 10 is shown a modied form of adaptor frame in which the top or transverse strip 39 of such frame is fitted with hanger lugs 39a for cooperation with hanger brackets i0 attached to the top rail of the sash IB. Each of such hanger brackets 4U is bifurcated at its upper end to embrace the lug 39a and has a pin 4| to engage the inwardly inclined surface of the lug to support the sash l!) in firm engagement with the inner flange of strip 39 yet with freedom to swing outward to provide ventilation.

Figs. 1l and 12 show slight modifications of the adaptor frame structure which may suitably be employed in connection with window casing structures having outside casing members 1 thinner than those shown in the forms of construction already described. Thus in Fig. 11 the adjustable lug portions of the adaptor frame strip 42 are made a little shorter than in the above described constructions so that the adaptor frame will accommodate a wood filler strip 43 between the member 'I' and the flange of the adaptor frame.

Fig. l2 shows a modification for the same purpose but here the adaptor frame strips 44 have their outwardly turned flanges 45 elongated and curved backward to engage the thin window casing member 'I'.

By the use of adaptor frames and bars of the type shown and described sash structures of exact standard size can be inserted, with complete success as to appearance and effective closure in window casing openings which vary from the much as 5/3 in Width and 1%" in height.

It will be apparent that panel structures of various types and forms can be used with the novel adaptor frame and bar and can be attached to or mounted in the adaptor frame in various ways. Also it is obvious that the sill-mounted adaptor and weather seal can be used alone, i. e., independently of the adaptor frame, and in conjunction with practically any type of window sash that is movably mounted in a manner to actuate the adaptor when the sash is closed, a-s inthe case 0f a Casement window sash, for example. Fur'- thermore, it is to be understood that the forms of construction shown can be varied'substantially within the bounds of the invention as defined in the claims. The sill-mounted adaptor device is not separately claimed herein as it constitutes the subject of the applicants continuation-inpart application Serial No. 256,302, filed November 14, 1951.

What is claimed is:

l. A panel closure means for cased openings of buildings of which the casing structure comprises upright, head, sill and blind stop parts, the said closure means comprising a panel structure substantially smaller in width and length than the opening formed by the upright, head and sill parts of a casing to be closed; an inverted U-shaped adaptor frame formed separately from the panel structure of metal bar stock of approximately Z-shaped cross section and having a web part fitting around the side and top edges of the panel structure, a plurality of bendable lugs extending outwardly from said web part of the frame to slidably engage and by bending conform to the inner sides of a casing structure to position the frame in the casing opening, a flange extending inwardly from the inner edge of the said web part to form a seat for the inner side of the panel and adapted to closely engage the blind stop of a casing structure, and a ange extending outwardly from the outer edge of the web to overlie the outer face of the upright and head parts of a casing structure more or less according to the size of the casing opening in order to cover the space between said parts and the edges of the panel; means for movablyvsupporting the panel structure in the adaptor frame; and means for f securing the adaptor frame to a casing structure.

2. As an article of manufacture, an inverted U-shaped adaptor frame for panel structures formed of metal bar stock of approximately Z- shaped cross section having a longitudinally extending web part disposed substantially at right angles to the plane of the frame, a continuous ange part extending outwardly from one edge of the web part, and a second continuous ange extending inwardly from the other edge of the web part, the top and sides of said frame having a plurality of bendable lugs extending outwardly at an inclination from the web part and transversely thereto toward the outwardly-extending flange.

3. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 2 in which at least some of the lugs are apertured to receive attachment screws.

4. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 2 in which the outwardly-turned flange has a sharp-edged longitudinally-extending rib facing toward the plane of the inwardly-turned flange while the latter has on one side at least one sharp-edged longitudinally-extending rib facing away from the plane of the outwardlyturned flange.

5. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 4 in which the inwardly-turned flange has also a sharp-edged longitudinally-extending rib facing toward the plane of the outwardly-turned flange.

6. As an article of manufacture, a metal bar of approximately Z-shaped cross-section comprising a longitudinally-extending web part, two longitudinal anges extending in opposite directions from the respective longitudinal edges of the web and substantially at right angles to the web and a longitudinally-extending series of bendable lugs formed integrally with the web and extending transversely of the bar at an inclination to the web and toward one of the flanges.

7. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 6 in which the two flanges are formed on one side thereof with longitudinally-extending sharp-edged ribs facing in the same direction.

8. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 7 in which one of the flanges is formed also with an oppositely-facing longitudinallyextending sharp-edged rib.

9. An article of manufacture as claimed in claim 6 in which at least some of the lugs are apertured to receive attachment screws.

l0. The combination of a casing structure comprising upright, top, panel stop, and sill parts; a panel structure movably supported in the casing; adaptor means interposed between the bottom of the panel Structure and the casing sill comprising an elongated metal angle bar having a transversely curved longitudinally-extending zone joining the two arm sections of the angle bar and adapted to roll on the top of the casing sill, the said Zone having a plurality of attachment holes elongated transversely of the bar; and means extending through the attachment holes for loosely securing the angle bar to the sill with one arm of the bar extending upward to be engaged and moved by the inner face of the panel and its other arm extending outward to engage the bottom edge of the panel when the bar is moved by the panel.

11. A panel closure means for cased openings of buildings of which the casing structure comprises upright, head, sill and blind stop parts, the said closure means comprising a panel structure substantially smaller in width and length than the opening formed by the upright, head and sill parts of a casing to be closed; an inverted U-shaped adaptor ,frame ,formed separately from the panel structure of metal bar stock of approximately Z-shaped cross section and having a web part fitting around the side and top edges of the panel structure, a flange extending inwardly from the inner edge of the said web part to form a seat for the inner side of the panel and adapted to closely engage the blind stop of a casing structure, and a flange extending outwardly from the outer edge of the web to overlie the outer face of the upright and head parts of a` casing structure more or less according to the size of the casing opening in order to cover the space between said parts and the edges of the panel; means for movably supporting the panel structure in the adaptor frame; means for securing the adaptor frame to a casing structure; adaptor means to be interposed between the bottom ofthe panel structure and a casing sill comprising an elongated metal angle bar having a transversely curved longitudinally-extending zone joining the two arm sections of the angle bar and adapted to roll on the top of a casing sill, the said zone having a plurality of attachment holes elongated transversely of the bar; and means extending through the attachment holes for loosely securing the angle bar to a casing sill with one arm of the bar extending upward to be engaged and movedl by the inner face of the panel and its other arm extending outward to engage the bottom edge of the panel when the bar is moved by the panel.

12. A sill-supported adaptor and weather seal for windows comprising an elongated metal angle bar having a transversely curved longitudinally-extending zone joining the two arm sections of the angle bar and adapted to roll on the to'p of a window casing sill, the said curved zone of the bar being pierced with a plurality of' attachment holes each of which is elongated transversely of the bar.

13. A sill-supported adaptor and weather seal as claimed in claim 12 in which one arm of the bar has a greater width than the other arm.

14. A sill-supported adaptor and weather seal device as claimed in claim 12 having the free longitudinal edge part of one arm of the bar bent laterally in the direction in which the other arm thereof extends.

15. A sill-supported adaptor and weather seal device as claimed in claim 12 in which one arm of the angle bar is of lesser width than the other and has its free longitudinal edge part bent laterally in the direction in which the other arm of the bar extends.

JOSEPH H. OSWALD. FREDERICK G. OSWALD.

References Cited in the le of this patent or the original patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 608,759 Daniels Aug. 9, 1898 780,840 Tracy Jan. 24, 1905 809,990 Shepherd Jan. 16, 1906 1,379,862 Goldsmith May 31, 1921 1,727,953 Baum Sept. 10, 1929 1,808,413 Hurley et al June 2, 1931 1,812,840 Michaels June 30, 1931 2,151,295 l-Iuclse Mar. 21, 1939 2,156,964 Biddle May 2, 1939 2,219,594 Lang Oct. 29, 1940 2,234,533 Nolan Mar. 11, 1941 2,262,670 Ensminger Nov. 11, 1941 2,342,614 Leacy Feb. 22, 1944 2,344,877 Janigian Mar. 21, 1944 2,402,112 Gee June 11, 1946 2,430,615 Levine Nov. 11, 1947 2,504,701 Krantz Apr. 18, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES Handbook of Aluminum Molding, page 19, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

